The TOBergmannLab (Neurostimulation Group) is located at the Neuroimaging Center (NIC) of the Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center and associated with the Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR). The main focus of our group is on the development and application of multimodal non-invasive neurostimulation and neuroimaging approaches, combining neuronavigated transcranial brain stimulation techniques, such as transcranial magnetic (TMS), electric (tES), and ultrasound (TUS) stimulation, with concurrent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) as well as electro- and magnetoencephalography (EEG, MEG). We use concurrent EEG-fMRI, TMS-fMRI, TMS-EEG, tES-MEG, and tES-TMS, as well as (closed-loop) brain state dependent brain stimulation approaches, such as real-time EEG-triggered TMS, to investigate the function of neuronal oscillations in cognition, in particular their ability to organize information processing and to gate synaptic plasticity in the wake and sleeping human brain. We also develop and distribute open-source software and hardware solutions to automate such multimodal neurostimulation/-imaging experiments (www.best-toolbox.org) in order to

facilitate objectivity, transparency, and reproducibility in the field. Our next key endeavour is to explore the potential of robot-navigated transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS) for the non-invasive neuromodulation of both cortical and subcortical targets in both healthy human volunteers and psychiatric patient populations.